Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAME

P-CHLOROANILINE HYDROCHLORIDE

NFPA

PRODUCT USE

Intermediate. Regeant

SYNONYMS

C6-H7-Cl2-N, ClC6H4NH2.HCl, "benzenamine, 4-chloro-, hydrochloride", "benzenamine, 4-
chloro-, hydrochloride", "4-chlorobenzenamine hydrochloride", "4-chlorobenzenamine
hydrochloride", "aniline, p-chloro-, hydrochloride", "aniline, p-chloro-,
hydrochloride", "para-chloroaniline hydrochloride", "p-chloroanilinium chloride", "p-
chloroanilinium chloride", "p-chlorophenylamine hydrochloride", "p-chlorophenylamine
hydrochloride"

Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

RISK

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS

SWALLOWED

  Accidental ingestion of the material may be damaging to the health of the individual.  The substance and/or its metabolites may bind to hemoglobin inhibiting normal uptake of oxygen. This condition, known as "methemoglobinemia", is a form of oxygen starvation (anoxia).  Symptoms include cyanosis (a bluish discoloration skin and mucous membranes) and breathing difficulties. Symptoms may not be evident until several hours after exposure.  At about 15% concentration of blood methemoglobin there is observable cyanosis of the lips, nose and earlobes. Symptoms may be absent although euphoria, flushed face and headache are commonly experienced. At 25-40%, cyanosis is marked but little disability occurs other than that produced on physical exertion. At 40-60%, symptoms include weakness, dizziness, lightheadedness, increasingly severe headache, ataxia, rapid shallow respiration, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, lethargy and stupor. Above 60% symptoms include dyspnea, respiratory depression, tachycardia or bradycardia, and convulsions. Levels exceeding 70% may be fatal.  

EYE

  Although the material is not thought to be an irritant, direct contact with the eye may cause transient discomfort characterized by tearing or conjunctival redness (as with windburn). Slight abrasive damage may also result. The material may produce foreign body irritation in certain individuals.  

SKIN

  The material is not thought to produce adverse health effects or skin irritation following contact (as classified using animal models). Nevertheless, good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable gloves be used in an occupational setting.  Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material.  Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.  

INHALED

  The material is not thought to produce either adverse health effects or irritation of the respiratory tract following inhalation (as classified using animal models). Nevertheless, adverse effects have been produced following exposure of animals by at least one other route and good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable control measures be used in an occupational setting.  Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled.  

CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS

  Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemical systems.  Long term exposure to high dust concentrations may cause changes in lung function i.e. pneumoconiosis; caused by particles less than 0.5 micron penetrating and remaining in the lung. Prime symptom is breathlessness; lung shadows show on X-ray.  Most arylamines are powerful poisons to the blood-making system. High chronic doses cause congestion of the spleen and tumor formation.  Chronic exposure to chloroanilines may result in anaemia, anorexia, weight loss and has been reported to produce red blood cell damage. Haematuria (blood in th urine) has been described, presumably as a result of haemorrhagic cystitis (bladder inflammation and haemorrhage).  Kidney and liver damage has been reported in test animals exposed to the parent aniline.  o-Chloroaniline produced profound degenerative changes in kidney structure following intraperitoneal injection in rats.  Rats administered p-chloroaniline, in their diets, exhibited a dose-dependent incidence of tumours of the spleen (splenic sarcomas) and fibrosis of the spleen. Fatty infiltration of the spleen was also observed.  Long term feeding studies in rats produced methaemoglobinaemia with accompanying haemolytic anaemia, extra medullary haematopoiesis and splenomegaly. Injury to the nervous system, liver and kidney may also  occur.  Chronic exposure to the parent aniline, has resulted in anaemia, anorexia, weight loss and has been reported to produce red blood cell damage. Haematuria (blood in the urine) has been described, presumably as a result of haemorrhagic cystitis (bladder inflammation and haemorrhage).  Kidney and liver damage has been reported in test animals exposed to the parent aniline.  Rats administered the parent aniline, in their diets, exhibited a dose- dependent incidence of tumours of the spleen (splenic sarcomas) and fibrosis of the spleen. Fatty infiltration of the spleen was also observed.  A two-year gavage study showed clear evidence of carcinogenic activity in male rats, based on an increased incidence of uncommon sarcomas in male rats. Pheochromocytomas of the adrenal gland have also been described. Evidence of carcinogenicity in male mice is based on increased incidences of hepatocellular neoplasms and of haemangiosarcomas of the liver and spleen. Equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity in female rats is based on the presence of sarcomas of the spleen and an increased incidence of pheochromocytomas of the adrenal gland. No evidence of carcinogenic activity was found in female mice.