N-DODECANE-1-14C
Flammability | 1 | |
Toxicity | 2 | |
Body Contact | 2 | |
Reactivity | 0 | |
Chronic | 2 | |
SCALE: Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Moderate=2 High=3 Extreme=4 |
Labelled reagent.
C12-H26, "distillates, petroleum, ", "n-alkane n-paraffin", "n-alkane n-paraffin",
bihexyl, dihexyl, dudecane, dodecane
HARMFUL - May cause lung damage if swallowed.
Ingestion may result in nausea, pain, vomiting. Vomit entering the lungs by aspiration may cause potentially lethal chemical pneumonitis. Considered an unlikely route of entry in commercial/industrial environments.
There is some evidence to suggest that this material can causeeye irritation and damage in some persons. beta-Radiation produces severe inflammation of the eyelid tissue and eye surface. The lens is especially sensitive, and cataracts can occur after a delay of months to years. They are progressive, but growth may stop at any time.
Skin contact with the material may damage the health of the individual; systemic effects may result following absorption. Toxic effects may result from skin absorption. The material may accentuate any pre-existing skin condition. beta-Radiation may produce reddening and color changes to the skin. Peeling, blistering, ulceration and death of skin tissue may occur. After damage occurs, cancers may develop.
Inhalation may produce health damage*. There is some evidence to suggest that this material, if inhaled, can irritate the throat and lungs of some persons. Inhalation hazard is increased at higher temperatures. Acute effects from inhalation of high vapor concentrations may be chest and nasal irritation with coughing, sneezing, headache and even nausea. If exposure to highly concentrated solvent atmosphere is prolonged this may lead to narcosis, unconsciousness, even coma and possible death. Central nervous system (CNS) depression may include general discomfort, symptoms of giddiness, headache, dizziness, nausea, anaesthetic effects, slowed reaction time, slurred speech and may progress to unconsciousness. Serious poisonings may result in respiratory depression and may be fatal. The degree of absorption into the body depends on solubility and particle size. Insoluble compounds and heavier particle may remain at or near the sites of deposition and may be brought to the throat by ciliary action where they may be swallowed. Soluble compounds may enter the blood stream. Lighter particles may remain in the alveolar sacs. The degree of damage is dependent on the rate of elimination and the susceptibility of the tissue to radiation damage. A single large dose may produce radiation sickness. A whole body dose of 2-10 Gray may cause loss of appetite, tiredness, nausea and vomiting, most severe after 6-12 hours. After this subsides a gross disturbance in blood cell distribution occurs with loss of white blood cells and platelets over weeks. The activity of bone marrow may become so depressed that overwhelming infections can occur and cause death. A dose of 4 Gray can lead to damage of the bowel lining, causing untreatable nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, which may result in severe dehydration, collapse and death. Although repair of the damage may occur, failure of blood cell production can ensue. At 6 Gray, damage to the blood cell production and digestive systems can be fatal. Whole body doses of 30 Gray can cause nausea, vomiting, listlessness, drowsiness, weakness, tremors, convulsions, inco-ordination and death within hours. The reproductive organs are particularly sensitive to radiation. A does of 0.3 Gray can cause temporary loss of fertility in men; there may be cessation of periods in women.
Principal routes of exposure are usually by inhalation of vapor and skin contact. Prolonged or continuous skin contact with the liquid may cause defatting with drying, cracking, irritation and dermatitis following. Chronic solvent inhalation exposures may result in nervous system impairment and liver and blood changes. [PATTYS]. High doses of beta radiation can cause lung cancer, sterility, anemia, leukemia or bone cancer. Cataracts can develop and should be seen as a sign. Prolonged exposure to smaller doses can lead to dry, thick skin with itchiness, redness and warts, and hair loss. A single large or prolonged low exposure to radiation can cause delayed effects, including blood cancers, genetic disorders, shortened lifespan and cataracts. Leukemia is the most common cancer caused; cancers of the thyroid, bone, lung (due to radioactive particle deposits) and skin are also seen. Many and varied genetic changes can occur; if they affect cells of the reproductive system, they may only display themselves after being inherited.